ABSTRACT
Cholestatic jaundice is rare in patients with Graves' disease and is generally considered to be a complication of Graves' disease or an adverse reaction to methimazole. We report a case of acute cholestatic jaundice caused by Graves' disease complicated with upper respiratory tract infection in Jinan Central Hospital. After timely treatment with glucocorticoid, the jaundice quickly subsided and the liver function gradually returned to normal. We believe that Graves' disease combined with upper respiratory tract infection can lead to cholestatic jaundice, the pathogenesis of which may be immune dysfunction, and glucocorticoid therapy is beneficial to the regression of jaundice.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To analyze the clinical and epidemiological features of human rhinovirus (HRV) infection in adult patients with upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) in Nanjing.Methods:Epidemiological data of adult patients with URTI in Nanjing from October 2021 to September 2022 were collected. Clinical specimens were collected and subjected to quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) for the detection of 14 common respiratory viruses. The VP4/VP2 genes in HRV-positive samples were amplified and sequenced. Then a phylogenetic tree was constructed.Results:A total of 399 pharyngeal swabs were collected from patients with URTI. The overall positive rate of respiratory viruses was 28.07% (112/399) with HRV accounting for most at 9.52% (38/399). Thirty-seven VP4/VP2 sequences were successfully obtained from the 38 HRV-positive specimens. Three genotypes involving 25 serotypes were identified with 13 strains belonging to HRV-A, 14 belonging to HRV-B, and 10 belonging to HRV-C. The three genotypes of HRV showed alternate prevalence or co-prevalence.Conclusions:HRV was the main pathogen causing URTI in adult patients in Nanjing from October 2021 to September 2022, and three genotypes of HRV-A, B and C were prevalent alternatively or together.
ABSTRACT
Background:In summer due to heat there may occur shortage of water so people try to get water from anywhere, even purification system is weak due to water shortage causing chance of water getting infected from various bacilli causing water borne diseases like Diarrhoea, Dysentery, Cholera, Typhoid etc. Some other factors like eating ice-creams, ice-gola, out-side unhygienic food, swimming in unclean swimming pool plays important role in development of acute diarrhoea. This study has been done in order to study role of Zingiber in reducing duration, intensity and frequency of summer diarrhoea. So that morbidity due to summer diarrhoea as well as general condition of the patients can be taken care of effectively, gently in a cost-effective manner. Material and Methods:This study is a prospective, clinical, interventional study .Sample of 30 cases had been selected by simple randomized method from Bhavnagar district from Swami Vivekananda homoeopathic medical college and hospital as well as my private OPD at Vrushti Homoeopathic clinic,Jail Road, Bhavnagar. Result:In this study age group of 0-3 and 3-6 are found more liable to get summer diarrhoea .As far as sex distribution is concern male: female is almost same. Cold food, cold drink, ice gola, out-side food, drinking impure water and swimming are found as major causative factors. As far as miasms are concern more cases (almost 60%) are found to have psora in background.Zingiber was used in various potencies in diarrhoea cases and assessment was done on the basis of improvement in terms of reducing intensity, duration and frequency of cases of acute summer diarrhoea. Purposive Sampling for research purpose has been done. Selection of the medicine is according to totality of symptoms. Selection of the potency and repetition was based on laws of Homeopathic Posology which is described in Organon of medicine. Cases were followed for 6 months. Conclusion:There is a better scope in Homoeopathic for the treatment of summer diarrhoea, since the treatment is based on holistic and individualistic approach. A homoeopathic remedy Zingiber not only annihilates the disease but also prevents the complications associated with it.
ABSTRACT
Background: Acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) are a major burden to child health in developing countries like India. Preschool children have 4–8 episodes of the upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) per year on average, while school-aged children experience 2–6 episodes per year. They are the most prevalent reason for visits to the outpatient section of a hospital and general practice. Aim and Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prescribing patterns in patients aged 1–18 years with URTIs. Materials and Methods: A prospective study conducted in the department of pharmacology at a tertiary health care center. Two hundred and fifty patients with URTI visiting pediatric and ENT department of tertiary health care center during December 2014–June 2015 were studied. Data included detailed history, physical examination, investigations, antimicrobial treatment given, and other treatment given were noted. This data was gathered from the records of Pediatric and ENT department. Statistical tests were used to analyze the data. Results: The most common clinical presentation was fever and cough. The common diagnosis noted in the study were non-specific URTI, tonsillitis, and sinusitis. Antipyretics (99.6%) and antibiotics (52%) were the frequently prescribed drugs among the patients. Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and cephalosporins were the common antibitoics prescribed. Beta-hemolytic streptococci were the common microbe isolated among the patients tested to know the etiology. Conclusion: Antipyretics (99.6%) and antibiotics (52%) were the frequently prescribed drugs among the patients. Antibiotics were prescribed in most of the non-specific URTI and pharyngitis which is a matter of concern.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the viral infection subtypes and epidemiological characteristics of upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) in Beijing area in 2020, and to provide references for URTI specific treatment and vaccination. Methods A total of 22 318 patients with URTI in Beijing area from January 2020 to December 2020 were enrolled in the study. Basic demographic information and clinical characteristics of the patients were collected, and their respiratory tract samples were collected. Eight major respiratory viruses (including respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus, adenovirus, coronavirus, influenza virus, rhinovirus, bocavirus, and metapneumovirus) in the respiratory samples were detected by PCR. The pathogen composition and epidemiological characteristics of URTI were analyzed. Results ① Among the 22 318 cases of URTI, most of them were children under 5 years old and elderly patients over 70 years old, accounting for 25.02% and 19.43%, respectively; ② URTI mainly occurred in spring (35.71%) and winter (37.35%); ③ The total positive rate of respiratory virus was 49.35%, among which 45.42% were infected with single virus, 3.30% were infected with two viruses, and 0.63% were infected with three or more viruses; ④ Respiratory syncytial virus (49.35%) had the highest detection rate, followed by parainfluenza virus (12.98%), rhinovirus (9.48%), influenza virus (8.40%), adenovirus (6.01%), bocavirus (4.43%), coronavirus (3.97%), and metapneumovirus (2.90%); ⑤ The detection rates of respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza virus in children aged 0-5 years old and the elderly aged over 71 years old were higher than those in other age groups, while the detection rates of other pathogens of all age groups were similar; ⑥ Among 22,318 URTI patients, 290 cases were complicated with pneumonia, with a complication rate of 1.300%. The complication rate of pneumonia in patients with positive virus pathogens was significantly higher than that in patients with negative virus pathogens (χ2=18.011, P2=884.085, P<0.05). Conclusion Children under 5 years old and the elderly over 70 years old are the high-risk population of URTI, and URTI mainly occurs in spring and winter. Respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza virus are the main pathogens leading to URTI, and patients with virus infection and mixed virus infection suffer a higher risk of pneumonia.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To assess the effectiveness of Jiuwei Zhuhuang Powder (JWZH), a Tibetan patent medicine in treating upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) associated cough in children.@*METHODS@#The study was a multicenter, randomized, open-label, controlled trial. A total of 142 children aged 2 to 14 years old, with URTI-associated cough within 48 h of onset, were randomly assigned to two groups at a 1:1 ratio by computer-generated randomization sequence. Children were treated with JWZH (1 to 1.5 g, twice to thrice daily) in the treatment group or conventional treatment (Pediatric Paracetamol, Artificial Cow-bezoar and Chlorphenamine Maleate Granules, 0.25 to 1 g, thrice daily) in the control group for 5 days. The primary endpoints were the time to cough resolution and 4-day cough resolution rate. The secondary endpoints were the daily improvement in symptom scores and cough resolution rate during the study period.@*RESULTS@#A total of 138 children were included in the intention-to-treat analysis, with 71 cases in the treatment group and 67 cases in the control group. Compared with the conventional treatment, the children receiving JWZH had a shorter time to cough resolution [hazard ratio, 2.10; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.29-3.40; P=0.003]. The median time to cough resolution for children receiving JWZH was shorter than that of the conventional treatment (2 days vs. 3 days; P<0.001). The 4-day cough resolution rate in the JWZH group was higher than that of the control group (94.4% vs. 74.6%; risk difference: 19.8%, 95% CI: 8.1%-31.5%; relative risk: 1.265, 95% CI: 1.088-1.470; P=0.001). There were no statistically significant differences in the improvement of other symptoms caused by URTI (P>0.05). Adverse events was reported in 5.6% (4/71) and 4.5% (3/67) in participants of JWZH and PPACCM groups (P>0.05), respectively, which were all mild and resolved without treatment.@*CONCLUSION@#JWZH seemed to be a safe and effective therapy for URTI-associated cough in children. (Trial registration No. ChiCTR2000039421).
Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Cough/drug therapy , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Nonprescription Drugs , Powders , Respiratory Tract Infections/drug therapyABSTRACT
Objective To explore the correlation between acute upper respiratory tract infection and meteorological factors in Zigong area from 2016 to 2021. Methods All acute upper respiratory tract infection cases from the Emergency Department of the First People's Hospital of Zigong City from 2016 to 2021 and meteorological data (including but not limited to temperature, relative humidity, air pressure, sunshine time, wind speed, etc.) during the same period were collected. Cases were screened from emergency electronic data, and medical records that met the criteria were included in this study to analyze the relationship between acute upper respiratory tract infection and meteorological factors. Results A total of 5 608 patients were enrolled in this study, including 3,893 males (69.42%) and 1,715 females (30.58%), with an average age of 50.17±9.81 years. The predisposing factors were climate change in 2331 cases (41.57%), history of chronic respiratory diseases in 1458 cases (26.00%), low immune function in the elderly or young children in 1106 cases (19.72%), vitamin deficiency in 512 cases (9.13%), and others in 201 cases (3.58%). Acute upper respiratory infections in Zigong area occurred all year round. Spring had more respiratory infections than other seasons, and the season with the fewest infections was autumn. Among them, May had the highest number of cases (650 cases), followed by January (592 cases). September had the least number of cases (475 cases), followed by August (480 cases). The daily incidence of upper respiratory tract infection in this area was negatively correlated with daily average temperature, sunshine duration and daily precipitation (rdaily average temperature=-0.635, Pdaily average temperature=0.027; rsunshine duration=-0.678, Psunshine duration=0.015; rday precipitation=-0.691, pday precipitation=0.013), and positively correlated with the daily temperature range and 24 hrs pressure change (rtemperature daily range=0.644, Ptemperature daily range=0.024; r24hrs change pressure=0.579, P24hrs change pressure=0.049). AURI-induced complications were negatively correlated with daily average temperature (rdaily average temperature=-0.718, P daily average temperature=0.009), and positively correlated with daily temperature range (rtemperature daily range=0.651, Ptemperature daily range=0.022). The analysis of multi-factor regression integration showed that the consistency of the test results exceeded 70%, and it exceeded 85% at the same level or adjacent levels. Conclusion From 2016 to 2021, acute upper respiratory tract infection occurs throughout the year in Zigong, with the most in spring and the least in autumn. May and September are the two months with the highest and lowest number of cases, respectively. The number of cases is affected by the average daily temperature, sunshine duration, daily precipitation, daily temperature range and 24hrs variable pressure. The establishment of a respiratory medical weather forecast model by season has a strong forecasting ability for the number of acute upper respiratory infections.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the distribution and epidemic characteristics of respiratory pathogens in children before and after COVID-19 epidemic in Lanzhou.Methods:Two hundred and eighty-six children hospitalized with acute upper respiratory tract infection in Central Hospital of Gansu Province and Gansu Maternal and Child Health Hospital from October to November of 2020 and October to November of 2021 were selected respectively as the research objects, and a retrospective analysis was made.IgM antibodies of nine pathogens, including influenza virus A(IVA), influenza virus B(IVB), parainfluenza virus(PIV), adenovirus(ADV), mycoplasma pneumoniae(MP), chlamydia pneumoniae(CP), respiratory syncytial virus(RSV), echovirus(ECHO)and coxsackie virus B(CVB), were detected, and the basic information and epidemic characteristics were statistically analyzed.Results:The total positive rates of IgM antibodies of nine pathogens before and after the epidemic in COVID-19 were 31.8%(91/286)and 5.9%(17/286)respectively, after the epidemic, the detection rates dropped significantly, and there was significant difference among them( χ2= 62.505, P<0.05); After the epidemic, the detection rates of ADV, MP and CVB were all lower than those before the epidemic, and there were significant differences among these groups( χ2= 39.281, 12.167, 10.155, all P<0.05). The positive detection rates in the age group of 1 month ~1 year, ~3 years, ~6 years and>6 years before the outbreak were 37.4%(37/99), 38.3%(36/94), 16.7%(12/72)and 28.6%(6/21)respectively, and there were significant differences among these groups( χ2=34.055, P<0.05); Among them, the detection rates of MP in the age group 1 month ~1 year, ~3 years, ~6 years and>6 years were 16.2%(6/37), 25.0%(9/36), 16.7%(2/12)and 100%(6/6)respectively, and there were significant differences among these groups( χ2=10.289, P<0.05); CVB was not detected in>6 years group, the positive detection rates of CVB were 16.2%(6/37), 22.2%(8/36)and 25.0%(3/12)in the age group of 1 month ~1 year, ~3 years, ~6 years respectively, and there were significant differences among these groups( χ2= 27.742, P< 0.05). After the epidemic, the positive detection rates of the patients in the age group of 1 month ~1 year, ~3 years, ~6 years and>6 years were 5.9%(4/68), 4.0%(3/75), 5.7%(6/106)and 10.8%(4/37), with no statistical significance( χ2=2.235, P>0.05); Among them, the positive rates of IVB were 25.0%(1/4), 33.3%(1/3)and 66.7%(4/6)in the age group of 1 month ~1 year, ~3 years, ~6 years respectively, and in the age group>6 years was not detected, and there were significant differences among these groups( χ2= 96.022, P< 0.05). The detection rates of mixed infection of pathogens before and after the epidemic were 5.6%(16/286)and 0.3%(1/286)respectively, with no statistical significance( χ2= 2.314, P>0.05). Conclusion:The distribution of common pathogens of acute upper respiratory tract infection among children in Lanzhou was different before and after COVID-19 epidemic.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and genotypes of human rhinovirus (HRV) in patients with upper respiratory tract infection in Qingdao in the winter of 2020.Methods:Throat swab samples were collected from 101 patients with upper respiratory tract infection in Qingdao from November 2020 to January 2021. Quantitative PCR was used to detect 15 common respiratory viruses in the samples. HRV-positive samples were further analyzed with RT-PCR to amplify and sequence HRV VP4/VP2 gene. A phylogenetic tree was constructed based on the sequencing results and homology analysis was conducted.Results:Six common respiratory viruses were detected in the 101 patients. Thirty-four cases (34/101, 33.66%) were single pathogen infection and two cases were multiple infection (2/101, 1.98%). The positive rate of HRV was the highest (21.78%, 22/101). Twenty HRV VP4/VP2 sequences were successfully amplified. Phylogenetic analysis showed that there were 16 strains of HRV-A subtype and four strains of HRV-C subtype and 14 serotypes were involved.Conclusions:HRV was one of the leading viral pathogens causing upper respiratory tract infection in Qingdao in the winter of 2020 and the predominant subtype was HRV-A.
ABSTRACT
This study systematically sorted out the evidence data of the safety, effectiveness, economy, innovation, suitability, accessibility, and characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) of Reyanning Mixture in the treatment of acute upper respiratory tract infection(heat-toxin attacking lung syndrome) with the qualitative and quantitative evaluation methods adopted. Based on evidence-based medicine, epidemiology, clinical medicine, evidence-based pharmacy, pharmacoeconomics, and health technology evalua-tion(HTA), the clinical value of Reyanning Mixture was evaluated using multi-criteria decision analysis(MCDA) model, Chinese patent medicine clinical evidence, and value evaluation software(CSC v2.0). The SRS monitoring data, Meta-analysis, and other safety evidence showed that the main adverse reactions of Reyanning Mixture were nausea, diarrhea, and rash, and no serious adverse reactions were found. The pharmacovigilance system was sound, and the system was perfect. There was no recall, notification, or interview for unqualified products. Based on the existing research, the evidence was sufficient, and the risk was controllable. Hence, its safety was grade A. Meta-analysis showed that in the treatment of acute upper respiratory tract infection, Reyanning Mixture combined with Amoxicillin Capsules was better than Amoxicillin Capsules alone in shortening the complete fever relief time and improving the cure rate. Besides, it was superior to Shuanghuanglian Granules in shortening the complete fever relief time, cough relief time, nasal congestion relief time, and pharyngeal congestion relief time. The Meta-analysis was conducted based on AMSTAR standard, and its ove-rall quality was proved good. The evidence quality in GRADE system evaluation was medium and low. The quality of evidence was medium, and the clinical value was obvious. Hence, its effectiveness was grade A. The results of pharmacoeconomic research showed that compared with Amoxicillin Capsules, Reyanning Mixture alone or in combination with Amoxicillin Capsules had cost-effectiveness advantages in the treatment of acute upper respiratory tract infection, and the results were stable in sensitivity analysis. According to the CASP economic evaluation checklist, the research problems were clear and the results were reliable. As revealed by the comprehensive evaluation, the evidence quality was sufficient and the result was clear. Its economy was grade B. Reyanning Mixture had multiple therapeutic targets like anti-virus, anti-bacteria, antipyresis, and anti-cough, with good clinical innovation. There were many innovative initiatives in ensuring drug supply, especially at the grass roots, drug safety, and effectiveness, and also multiple innovative contributions to production technology, quality control, scientific and technological research and development, and enterprise management and marketing. Therefore, its innovation was grade B. The dosage form of Reyanning was mixture, which made it convenient for storage and transportation. The usage was easy to be mastered and accepted by doctors and nurses, exhibiting good suitability for clinicians, nurses, pharmacists, and patients who received this drug and basically meeting the needs of clinical medication. The suitability was grade B. The average daily cost of this drug was 8.082 yuan, and the price was low. The treatment cost accounted for a small proportion of the annual disposable income of urban and rural residents, indicating that it was affordable. Reyanning Mixture was available in 31 provinces, cities and autonomous regions, covering 6 910 hospitals. The allocation of hospitals at all levels was more than 50%. There was no shortage or supply restriction of medicinal material resources. The annual production capacity was sufficient to meet the supply demand, so its accessibility was grade A. Reyanning Mixture, sourced from "pneumonia Ⅲ", has been subjected to a real-world study of its clinical application, with 4 367 cases involved, and the characteristic of TCM was grade B. The comprehensive evaluation results demonstrated that the clinical value score of Reyanning Mixture in the treatment of acute upper respiratory tract infection(heat-toxin attacking lung syndrome) was 0.80, making it rated class A. According to the Guidelines for Management of Comprehensive Clinical Evaluation of Drugs(trial version 2021), it is recommended to convert it into the relevant policy results of basic clinical medication management according to the procedures.
Subject(s)
Humans , Hot Temperature , Lung , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Respiratory Tract Infections/drug therapy , SyndromeABSTRACT
Background:In today’s era cases of Upper Respiratory Tract Infection are increasing all over the world. The present study shows the efficacy of BBCR in cases of upper respiratory tract infection Objective: To ascertain the role of BBCR Management of Upper respiratory tract infections. Material And Methods:Purposive Sampling for research purpose will be done. Selection of the medicine will be according to concept of Method of Repertorisation given by Dr. Boger. Selection of the potency and repetition was based on laws of Homeopathic Posology which is described in Organon of medicine. Result:In study mostly adults are more affected and acute cases are more present. Mostly higher potency was used. Conclusion:Our study has concluded theGreat utility of BBCR in finding the indicated medicines for cases of URTI.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To explore the clinical diagnosis and treatment characteristics as well as the optimal schemes of Lianhua Qingwen Capsule in the treatment of upper respiratory tract infection （URTI） in the real world. Method:The information of 454 patients receiving Lianhua Qingwen Capsule for URTI was collected from the electronic medical data warehouse constructed by the Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine， China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences， which covered 16 large-scale tertiary Class A hospital information systems （HISs）. The harvested information was subjected to descriptive analysis， Apriori algorithm-based analysis and Louvain （BGLL） algorithm-based complex network analysis to explore the clinical medication schemes. Result:The commonly adopted medication schemes were heat-clearing and detoxicating Chinese medicinal injections combined with expectorants， analgesic-antipyretic drugs， or antibacterial agents in western medicine. Besides， the combination with heat-clearing and phlegm-resolving Chinese medicinals， vitamins， or hypotensive， lipid-lowering， hypoglycemic， coronary circulation-improving， or antiplatelet aggregation drugs targeting the underlying diseases was also detectable. Conclusion:The complex network analysis based on BGLL clustering method can be used to find out the medication rules of Lianhua Qingwen Capsule for URTI. The traditional Chinese medicine has been widely employed for resolving phlegm and relieving cough due to its good efficacy. The combination with antibiotics follows the guidelines for the use of antimicrobial agents. Drug safety is one of the most concerned aspects in clinical drug combination. The uncovering of these rules has provided a direction for exploring the optimal treatments.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the virus epidemiological characteristics in patients with acute upper respiratory tract infection, so as to provide a basis for clinical treatment. Methods A total fo 1 306 inpatients or outpatients with acute upper respiratory tract infection in our hospital from January 2017 to January 2020 were enrolled. The respiratory viruses in nasopharyngeal swab samples were detected by fluorescence immunoassay. The detection rate, clinical characteristics, seasonal distribution, and age distribution of each virus were analyzed. Results In 1 306 patients with acute upper respiratory tract infection, 679 cases were positive for virus culture, with a total positive detection rate of 51.99%. Among the single virus infections, 463 cases were positive for FluV, with a positive detection rate of 35.45%. Five different virus infections showed significant difference among 0 ~ years old, 14 ~ years old, 50 ~ years old and 65 ~ years old groups (P<0.05). The positive detection rates of FluV, PIV, RSV, and RV were the highest in the 0 ~ years old group, while ADV detection rate was the highest in the 65 ~years old group. The distribution of the 5 different viruses in spring, autumn and winter was significantly different (P<0.05). Conclusion Acute upper respiratory tract infection is mainly caused by a single virus, and different viruses has significant differences in age and seasonal distribution.
ABSTRACT
Objective To understand the status of acute upper respiratory tract viral and bacterial infections in children in Chengdu and to analyze its epidemiological characteristics. Methods From April 2018 to April 2020, 1,324 children with acute upper respiratory tract infection admitted to Chengdu Second People's Hospital were enrolled in the study. Pathogens from throat swab specimens were cultured, isolated, and identified. Results Among 1 324 specimens, the detection rate of bacterial and viral infection was 76.44% (1 012/1 324). The detection rate of simple viral infection was 50.40%, the detection rate of simple bacterial infection was 16.21%, and the detection rate of mixed infection was 33.40%. Haemophilus influenzae was the main bacterial type and respiratory syncytial virus A was the main virus type. The positive rate of upper respiratory tract viral infection among children with different ages was significantly different (P<0.05). The positive rate of viral and bacterial upper respiratory tract infection showed a statistically significant difference among different infection seasons (P<0.05). In addition, the positive rate of viral upper respiratory tract infection among children from different districts had statistically significant difference (P<0.05). Conclusion Children with upper respiratory tract infections in Chengdu area are mainly viral infections. Haemophilus influenzae and respiratory syncytial virus A are the main pathogens of upper respiratory tract infections in children. 0~1 year old is the age with the highest incidence of upper respiratory tract bacterial infection, while 1~4 years old is the age with the highest incidence of virus infection. Children in urban areas and in winter have higher positive rates of upper respiratory tract infections.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of Xiao'er Chiqiaoqingre granule in the treatment of acute upper respiratory tract infection.Methods From January 2017 to December 2017,a total of 116 children with upper respiratory tract infection in Taizhou Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital were selected and randomly divided into control group and observation group according to different treatment regimens,with 58 cases in each group.The control group was given ribavirin granules,ibuprofen suspension drops for treatment.The observation group was given Xiao'er Chiqiaoqingre granule on the basis of the control group.The two groups were treated for 5 days,then the clinical effect,the improvement of clinical symptoms,the time of cure,the level of serum cytokines and safety were compared between the two groups.Results After treatment,the cure rate of the observation group was 96.6％,which was significantly higher than 81.0％ of the control group (P ＜0.05).The antipyretic time,cough disappeared time,healing time in the observation group were (1.4 ± 0.5) d,(2.1 ± 0.4) d,(4.5 ± 1.4) d,respectively,which were significantly shorter than those in the control group[(2.6 ± 0.9) d,(3.4 ± 1.1) d,(5.8 ±1.9) d] (all P ＜ 0.05).The throat irritation subsided time of the observation group was (3.5 ± 1.1) d,which of the control group was (3.8 ± 1.3) d,the difference was not statistically significant (P ＞ 0.05).The serum levels of IL-6,IL -10 and TNF-in the observation group were (108.45 ± 25.61) μg/L,(34.88 ± 9.07) μg/L,(1.26 ± 0.86) mg/mL,respectively,which were significantly lower than those in the control group[(129.27 ± 28.31) μg/L,(43.27 ±10.09)μg/L,(2.11 ± 1.03)mg/mL] (all P ＜ 0.05).There were no other serious adverse reactions in the two groups.Conclusion Xiao'er Chiqiaoqingre granule in the treatment of acute upper respiratory tract infection can significantly improve clinical symptoms,improve clinical curative effect,and has good safety and certain clinical value.
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Upper respiratory tract infections are major causes of the common cold throughout the world. Cordyceps militaris (C. militaris) is a well-known functional food for its anti-fatigue and immunomodulating activities. On the other hand, there are no reports on the protective effect against upper respiratory tract infections (URI). This study was a 12 week randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled trial in healthy volunteers. METHODS: A total of 100 subjects 20 ~ 70 years of age with a history of at least two colds in the year were enrolled in the study. The participants were required to record any adverse events and rate any cold-related incidents in a diary during the investigation period. The efficacy end point was the symptoms and incidence of URI, and changes in cytokines, IgA and natural killer (NK) cell activity. RESULTS: The Cordyceps militaris group over 12 weeks showed no significant impact on the incidence and symptomatology of URI compared to the placebo group. On the other hand, the experimental group showed significantly higher NK cell activity (p = 0.047) and IgA level (p = 0.035) compared to the placebo group. The NK-cell activity and IgA level were increased significantly by Cordyceps militaris over 12 weeks. CONCLUSION: The results suggest the possible beneficial immunomodulating effects, but the protective effects on URI could not be demonstrated under these conditions. Additional research will be needed to determine the efficacy and mechanisms of Cordyceps militaris function.
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Common Cold , Cordyceps , Cytokines , Functional Food , Hand , Healthy Volunteers , Immunoglobulin A , Incidence , Killer Cells, Natural , Respiratory Tract InfectionsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy,safety and tolerability of recombinanat human interferon α2 b(rhIFNα2b)spray in treatment of acute upper respiratory tract infection(except the flu)in children. METHODS: In total,575 children who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled from January,2019 to July,2019. They were divided into rhIFNα2b spray group(291 cases)and ribavirin group(284 cases). The children in rhIFNα2b spray group were given the rhIFNα2b spray(P.putida),and those in ribavirin groups were treated with the ribavirin spray. The curative effect and safety between the two groups were compared. RESULTS: The per-protocol set(PPS) comprised 448 patients(233 in the rhIFNα2b spray group,215 in the ribavirin group). The primary efficacy endpoint was antipyretic time which in rhIFNα2b spray group(25.0 h)was significantly shorter than that in the ribavirin group(33.6 h)(P=0.0001). In the comparison of symptomatic relief time,the relief time of nasal congestion,runny nose,sore throat and cough in rhIFNα2b spray group was shorter than that in ribavirin group(P<0.05). The recovery time in the rhIFNα2b spray group was 92 h,which showed significant decrease compared with the ribavirin group(112 h)(P<0.0001). The incidence of adverse events had no statistical differences between the two groups(P=0.2461). CONCLUSION: The rhIFNα2b spray treatment for acute upper respiratory tract infection in children is proved to be significantly effective;particularly,it can evidently relieve fever symptoms and promote the disappearance of nasal and pharyngeal symptoms. It has good safety and tolerability,so the rhIFNα2b spray is worthy to be promoted in clinical application.
ABSTRACT
Expert Consensus on the Application of Chinese Patent Medicine for Acute Upper Respiratory Tract Infection was established under the joint sponsorship of Specialty Committee of Emergency of World Federation of Chinese Medicine Societies, Emergency Physician Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association, Emergency Medicine Professional Committee of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine and Chinese Emergency Medical Parternerships. In the consensus, the Chinese patent medicines for treatment of acute upper respiratory tract infection (AURI) were summarized and analyzed, and after the expert writers had discussed the contents of the consensus together, they decided to formulate the experts' consensus related to the AURI, expecting to provide a reference to the clinical treatment of this disease.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of upper respiratory tract infection in hospita-lized children with mental disorders,and to analyze the risk factors for nosocomial infection,so as to provide reference for clinical treatment and prevention and control of nosocomial infection(NI). Methods The NI of 1 587 hospitalized children at the Second Affiliated Hospital of xinxiang Medical University from January to December 2016 was investiga-ted and a retrospective study was conducted on 78 hospitalized children with nosocomial upper respiratory tract infec-tion. In a ratio of 1: 2,the patients with mental disorders during the same time at hospital,without the occurrence of hospital infection,with same gender and same age group,were selected as the control group,then the univariate regres-sion analysis and multivariate conditional Logistic regression analysis were carried out. Results Of the 1 587 cases,86 cases were NI,and the incidence of NI infection was 5. 42%. Among them,the upper respiratory tract infection accoun-ted for 83. 87%(78 cases). Univariate conditional Logistic regression analysis indicated that the type of disease,hospi-talization days,insight,rehabilitation activities,hand hygiene habits,self -support ability,eating habits,management mode,seasonal and environmental conditions were the risk factors for upper respiratory tract infection in hospitalized children with mental disorders(all P<0. 05). Multivariate analysis showed that the odds ratio( OR)of autumn and winter,poor self-support ability,no insight,poor hand hygiene habits,longer hospitalization days( over 14 d),severe mental illness were 19. 627( 5. 391 -23. 518 ),12. 835( 3. 436 -18. 715 ),5. 427( 1. 879 -16. 921 ),3. 752 (1. 743-16. 864),3. 618( 1. 659 -12. 671 ),3. 361( 1. 478 -10. 527 ),respectively,which were significantly associated with the occurrence of upper respiratory infection,and the differences were statistically significant( all P<0. 05). Conclusions The season,self-support ability,insight,hand hygiene habits,days hospitalization,and disease type are the independent risk factors for upper respiratory infection in hospitalized children with mental disorders,posi-tively controlling and eliminating of independent risk factors for upper respiratory tract may reduce its incidence in the inpationt children.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the usage of antimicrobial in outpatients with laboratory-confirmed influenza in a children′s hospital during the flu season, and to provide evidence for scientific antimicrobial stewardship. METHODS: During the 2017-2018 flu season, medical records of laboratory-confirmed influenza positive cases in our hospital were reviewed to collect information including prescription of antimicrobial, laboratory data; and the rationality of the use of antimicrobial was evaluated based on clinical diagnosis. Logistic regression was used to establish the prediction model of antimicrobial usage, which was used to test the factors affecting usage of antimicrobial in outpatients with influenza infections. RESULTS: Among 201 confirmed-influenza cases, 107 (53.2%) were prescribed antimicrobial (at least one drug), and 92 (86.0%) were treated irrationally. In most patients, macrolides and the third generation of cephalosporins were used; and the most frequently used antimicrobials were azithromycin, cefixime and clarithromycin. According to the prediction model, the use of antimicrobial was significantly associated with abnormal C-reactive protein (CRP) level in children (adjusted OR=4.697; 95%CI: 2.187-10.090) and negative results of rapid influenza diagnostic test (RIDT) (adjusted OR=2.228; 95%CI:1.058-4.692); age, onset season, use of anti-influenza virus drugs, white blood cell counting, proportion of neutrophils, RIDT positive results, a clinical diagnosis of influenza and influenza typing were not risk factors. CONCLUSION: The rate of antimicrobial usage in out patients with in fluenza is high, and the management department should take targeted measures to reduce the unreasonable use of antimicrobial.